| “Rheology: An Historical Perspective” is a very stimulating book, both
for the experts in this field and for the novices. Written by two prestigious
scientists, with a large experience, R. I. Tanner, University of Sydney
and K. Walters, University of Wales, the book offers a perspective on the
development of theology and on the personalities who were implicated in
this domain.
The first two chapters present chronologically the formulation of the main concepts of rheology. Until the 20th century there are pointed out Robert Hooke for the quantitative concept of elasticity, Isaak Newton for the viscous law, A. I. Cauchy for the stress tensor concept, Clerk Maxwell for the differential equation relating stress and strain and L. Boltzmann for the principle of superposition. After this, until 1945, Hagen, Poiseuille, and Couette developed the experimental fluid rheology. Bingham published “Fluidity and Plasticity”, the non – linear fluid models were established by Ostwald, de Waele, Herschel, Bulkley, Ellis, and Williams. Weissenberg studied the capillary viscosity; Maxwell, Voigt, Kelvin and Burgers established the mechanical models for linear viscoelasticity. The third chapter deals with the appearance of rheology as an independent science: the introduction of the term rheology in 1929, the founding of the national Societies of Rheology and of the Journal of Rheology, the first Congress of Rheology in 1948. The main journals and congresses are presented till 1996. The fourth chapter approaches the evolution of the constitutive equations |
established by Stokes, Reiner, Rivlin for inelastic fluids, by Oldroyd,
Coleman, Noll, Rivlin, Tuesdell, Ericksen for elastic fluids and by Ericksen
and Leslie for anisotropic fluids. In the fifth chapter the developments
in the domain of polymers in dilute solutions, concentrate solutions and
melts are presented.
The sixth and seventh chapters present some distinctive rheological concepts and phenomena such as viscosimetric functions, linear viscoelasticity, extensional viscosity, the Weissenberg effect, extrudate swell, thixotropy and instability in flow. The last chapter of the book discusses the developments in Computational Rheology, especially the settlement of mathematical models for polymeric liquids and for simulation. We note that each chapter includes short presentations of personalities involved in the discussed domain, this being a successful idea, especially for the young researchers. The authors have produced an interesting, stimulating book, addressed especially to the young rheologists. The quality of the printing is excellent and the book also includes a set of photos with historical character. Finally, we highly recommend the book to all interested in the domain of the rheology science. Prof. Anca MOISE, Ph. D. |
| NEW YORK BASEL HONG KONG
The purpose of this book is to explain the many terms associated with corrosion, including the various types and forms of corrosion, as well as metallurgical and other terms as they relate to the corrosion process. The Encyclopedia provides alphabetically organised coverage on all types of materials affected by corrosion, key terminology associated with the corrosion process, various types and forms of corrosion, the most commonly used construction materials and their corrosion characteristics, methods for controlling and preventing corrosion, area of applications, and conditions for effective protection. There are 426 terms alphabetically presented, from “Abrasion corrosion” to “Zymaxx”. The text is frequently accompanied by references for further in-depth study of specific areas, as well as by useful tables, equations, drawings. These make the |
Encyclopedia an indispensable and essential day-to-day guide
for chemical, mechanical, civil and industrial engineers.
The author of this Encyclopedia is a consultant in corrosion prevention, and chemical engineering in Fallston, Maryland, USA. He has been the editor of other two books on corrosion: Corrosion Engineering Handbook, and the Corrosion and Corrosion Protection Handbook. Mr. Schweitzer was the author of other four books on corrosion. One of them, Corrosion Resistance Tables, had four editions already. Therefore, we highly recommend this book to all industrial engineers. With such handbooks in hands and mind they will do the corrosion process less expensive, and less hazardous. Professor Ilie SIMINICEANU, Ph. D. |
| A key role in the report “Our Common Future”, published in 1987
by the World Commission on Environment and Development, is played
by the concept of Suistanable Development. Suistanable development meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs. This recognises that if the equilibrium of the
ecological, economic, and social factors is disturbed it can lead to environmental
damage, economic decline, or social unrest.
The “production-integrated environmental protection” concept takes into account the three factors of suistainability. The idea of production-integrated environmental protection in the chemical industry is not new at all. It has been formulated by Von Hofman as long ago as 1848: “ In an ideal chemical factory there is, strictly speaking, no waste but only products (main and secondary / by –products)…The better a real factory makes use of its waste the closer it gets to its ideal, the bigger is the profit”. Today, this ideal factory must become a reality. The term “ production-integrated environmental protection (PIEP) used in Germany has many other related terms frequently used in English-speaking countries : “clean technology”, “clean production”, green technology”, “environmental friendly technology’, or “closed cycle technology”. The PIEP concept is illustrated by selected examples from chemical industry in this book. There are fourteen examples from Hoecccccst, Bayer, BASF, Wacker Chemis, Henkel, Shell-Lurgi, Huls, VFT, De Nora Permelec, |
Mitsubishi Chemical, Mannheim, Kronos International , Hoffmann – La
Roche. The Hydrina Technology, developed by De Nora, for instance,
has eliminated the sodium sulphate by product by transforming it into valuable
chemicals such as caustic soda and sulphuric acid.
Nevertheless, the wastes are not always avoidable. The task of chemical industry is to minimise the impact of these residues on the environment. To carry out this task, the engineers employ waste management concepts such as reducing, recycling, and disposal of the remaining residues as waste. The last chapter of the book is devoted to the waste management in the chemical industry. This book demonstrates, by many examples, that the solution to pollution is the pollution prevention, and this is technically and economically possible in the most of manufacturing systems of the chemical industry. For this, the chemical engineers must be able to design products and technologies with innovative processes, by optimising processes, by improving selectivity, by applying new synthesis routes, and by production-integrated recovery of residues. If you want to know more about these possibilities, read this text and the 276 references recommended at the end of the book. Prof Ilie SIMINICEANU, Ph. D. |